Leptonic Unitarity Triangle and CP-violation

Y. Farzan, A. Yu. Smirnov

Published 2002-01-12, updated 2002-01-28Version 2

The area of the unitarity triangle is a measure of CP-violation. We introduce the leptonic unitarity triangles and study their properties. We consider the possibility of reconstructing the unitarity triangle in future oscillation and non-oscillation experiments. A set of measurements is suggested which will, in principle, allow us to measure all sides of the triangle, and consequently to establish CP-violation. For different values of the CP-violating phase, $\delta_D$, the required accuracy of measurements is estimated. The key elements of the method include determination of $|U_{e3}|$ and studies of the $\nu_{\mu} - \nu_{\mu}$ survival probability in oscillations driven by the solar mass splitting $\Delta m^2_{sun}$. We suggest additional astrophysical measurements which may help to reconstruct the triangle. The method of the unitarity triangle is complementary to the direct measurements of CP-asymmetry. It requires mainly studies of the {\it survival} probabilities and processes where oscillations are averaged or the coherence of the state is lost.