Three-point Correlation Functions of SDSS Galaxies in Redshift Space: Morphology, Color, and Luminosity Dependence

Issha Kayo, Yasushi Suto, Robert C. Nichol, Jun Pan, Istvan Szapudi, Andrew J. Connolly, Jeff Gardner, Bhuvnesh Jain, Gauri Kulkarni, Takahiko Matsubara, Ravi Sheth, Alexander S. Szalay, Jon Brinkmann

Published 2004-03-27, updated 2004-07-16Version 3

We present measurements of the redshift--space three-point correlation function of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). For the first time, we analyze the dependence of this statistic on galaxy morphology, color and luminosity. In order to control systematics due to selection effects, we used $r$--band, volume-limited samples of galaxies, constructed from the magnitude-limited SDSS data ($14.5<r<17.5$), and further divided the samples into two morphological types (early and late) or two color populations (red and blue). The three-point correlation function of SDSS galaxies follow the hierarchical relation well and the reduced three-point amplitudes in redshift--space are almost scale-independent ($Q_z=0.5\sim1.0$). In addition, their dependence on the morphology, color and luminosity is not statistically significant. Given the robust morphological, color and luminosity dependences of the two-point correlation function, this implies that galaxy biasing is complex on weakly non-linear to non-linear scales. We show that simple deterministic linear relation with the underlying mass could not explain our measurements on these scales.