Temperature of the hot $α$-source: a guidance to probe the Bose-Einstein condensation of $α$ clusters in the heavy-ion collision

Jun Su, Long Zhu

Published 2023-01-24Version 1

Recent experimental efforts were made to explore the Bose-Einstein condensation in multi-$\alpha$ system using the heavy-ion collisions. This Letter provides a explanation why no signatures were observed and a guidance for future experiments. More precisely, a harmonic oscillator model is developed to study the multi-$\alpha$ source at or near zero temperature. The temperature and particle population of the multi-$\alpha$ sources observed in the current experiments are extracted. It is found that almost no $\alpha$ particles occupy the ground state in those multi-$\alpha$ sources. The critical temperature for the multi-$\alpha$-condensed states are predicted, which provides a guidance for the future experiments to probe the Bose-Einstein condensation of $\alpha$ clusters in the heavy-ion collisions.