The First Large Absorption Survey in HI (FLASH): II. Pilot Survey data release and first results

Hyein Yoon, Elaine M. Sadler, Elizabeth K. Mahony, J. N. H. S. Aditya, James R. Allison, Marcin Glowacki, Emily F. Kerrison, Vanessa A. Moss, Renzhi Su, Simon Weng, Matthew Whiting, O. Ivy Wong, Joseph R. Callingham, Stephen J. Curran, Jeremy Darling, Alastair C. Edge, Sara L. Ellison, Kimberly L. Emig, Lilian Garratt-Smithson, Gordon German, Kathryn Grasha, Baerbel S. Koribalski, Raffaella Morganti, Tom Oosterloo, Céline Péroux, Max Pettini, Kevin A. Pimbblet, Zheng Zheng, Martin Zwaan, Lewis Ball, Douglas C. -J. Bock, David Brodrick, John D. Bunton, F. R. Cooray, Philip G. Edwards, Douglas B. Hayman, Aidan W. Hotan, K. Lee-Waddell, N. M. McClure-Griffiths, A. Ng, Chris J. Phillips, Wasim Raja, Maxim A. Voronkov, Tobias Westmeier

Published 2024-08-13Version 1

The First Large Absorption Survey in HI (FLASH) is a large-area radio survey for neutral hydrogen in the redshift range 0.4<z<1.0, using the 21cm HI absorption line as a probe of cold neutral gas. FLASH uses the ASKAP radio telescope and is the first large 21cm absorption survey to be carried out without any optical preselection of targets. We use an automated Bayesian line-finding tool to search through large datasets and assign a statistical significance to potential line detections. The survey aims to explore the neutral gas content of galaxies at a cosmic epoch where almost no HI data are currently available, and to investigate the role of neutral gas in AGN fuelling and feedback. Two Pilot Surveys, covering around 3000 deg$^2$ of sky, were carried out in 2019-22 to test and verify the strategy for the full FLASH survey. The processed data from these Pilot Surveys (spectral-line cubes, continuum images, and catalogues) are available online. Here, we describe the FLASH spectral-line and continuum data and discuss the quality of the HI spectra and the completeness of our automated line search. Finally, we present a set of 30 new HI absorption lines that were robustly detected in the Pilot Surveys. These lines span a wide range in HI optical depth, including three lines with a peak optical depth $\tau>1$, and appear to be a mixture of intervening and associated systems. The overall detection rate for HI absorption lines in the Pilot Surveys (0.3 to 0.5 lines per ASKAP field) is a factor of two below the expected value. There are several possible reasons for this, but one likely factor is the presence of a range of spectral-line artefacts in the Pilot Survey data that have now been mitigated and are not expected to recur in the full FLASH survey. A future paper will discuss the host galaxies of the HI absorption systems identified here.