Discovery of the Longest-Period Classical Cepheid in the Milky Way

I. Soszyński, D. M. Skowron, A. Udalski, P. Pietrukowicz, M. Gromadzki, M. K. Szymański, J. Skowron, P. Mróz, R. Poleski, S. Kozłowski, P. Iwanek, M. Wrona, K. Ulaczyk, K. Rybicki, M. Mróz

Published 2024-03-29Version 1

We report the discovery of the classical Cepheid OGLE-GD-CEP-1884 (= GDS_J1535467-555656) with the longest pulsation period known in our Galaxy. The period of 78.14 d is nearly 10 d longer than that of the previous record-holding Cepheid, S Vulpeculae, and thus, OGLE-GD-CEP-1884 can be categorized as the first ultra long period Cepheid in the Milky Way. This star is present in the ASAS-SN and Gaia DR3 catalogs of variable stars, but it has been classified as a long-period variable in those catalogs. Based on more than 10 years of the photometric monitoring of this star carried out by the OGLE project in the I and V bands and a radial velocity curve from the Gaia Focused Product Release, we unequivocally demonstrate that this object is a fundamental-mode classical Cepheid. By employing the mid-infrared period-luminosity relation, we determine the distance to OGLE-GD-CEP-1884 (4.47 +- 0.34 kpc) and place it on the Milky Way map, along with about 2400 other classical Cepheids. We also discuss the potential of finding additional ultra long period Cepheids in our Galaxy.