Useful variants and perturbations of completely entangled subspaces and spans of unextendible product bases

Ritabrata Sengupta, Ajit Iqbal Singh

Published 2024-02-22, updated 2024-03-25Version 2

Finite dimensional entanglement for pure states has been used extensively in quantum information theory. Depending on the tensor product structure, even set of separable states can show non-intuitive characters. Two situations are well studied in the literature, namely the unextendible product basis by Bennett et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 5385, (1999)], and completely entangled subspaces explicitly given by Parthasarathy in [Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Math. Sci. 114, 4 (2004)]. More recently Boyer, Liss, and Mor [Phys. Rev. A 95, 032308 (2017)]; Boyer and Mor [Preprints 2023080529, (2023)]; and Liss, Mor, and Winter [arXiv: 2309.05144, (2023)] have studied spaces which have only finitely many pure product states. We carry this further and consider the problem of perturbing different spaces, such as the orthogonal complement of an unextendible product basis and also Parthasarathy's completely entangled spaces, by taking linear spans with specified product vectors. To this end, we develop methods and theory of variations and perturbations of the linear spans of certain unextendible product bases, their orthogonal complements, and also Parthasarathy's completely entangled sub-spaces. Finally we give examples of perturbations with infinitely many pure product states.