Broad-line region geometry from multiple emission lines in a single-epoch spectrum

L. Kuhn, J. Shangguan, R. Davies, A. W. S. Man, Y. Cao, J. Dexter, F. Eisenhauer, N. M. Förster Schreiber, H. Feuchtgruber, R. Genzel, S. Gillessen, S. Hönig, D. Lutz, H. Netzer, T. Ott, S. Rabien, D. J. D. Santos, T. Shimizu, E. Sturm, L. J. Tacconi

Published 2024-01-22Version 1

The broad-line region (BLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) traces gas close to the central supermassive black hole (BH). Recent reverberation mapping (RM) and interferometric spectro-astrometry data have enabled detailed investigations of the BLR structure and dynamics, as well as estimates of the BH mass. These exciting developments motivate comparative investigations of BLR structures using different broad emission lines. In this work, we have developed a method to simultaneously model multiple broad lines of the BLR from a single-epoch spectrum. We apply this method to the five strongest broad emission lines (H$\alpha$, H$\beta$, H$\gamma$, Pa$\beta$, and He $I\;\lambda$5876) in the UV-to-NIR spectrum of NGC 3783, a nearby Type I AGN which has been well studied by RM and interferometric observations. Fixing the BH mass to the published value, we fit these line profiles simultaneously to constrain the BLR structure. We find that the differences between line profiles can be explained almost entirely as being due to different radial distributions of the line emission. We find that using multiple lines in this way also enables one to measure some important physical parameters, such as the inclination angle and virial factor of the BLR. The ratios of the derived BLR time lags are consistent with the expectation of theoretical model calculations and RM measurements.