Unified theory of spin and charge in a ferromagnet

Oleg Tchernyshyov

Published 2022-08-26Version 1

We derive a unified theory of spin and charge degrees of freedom in a ferromagnet. The spin-transfer torque and spin emf are examined from the coarse-grained perspective of collective coordinates. The resulting equations of motion reflect a balance of conservative, gyroscopic (Berry-phase), and dissipative forces. We then expand the space of collective coordinates by adding the electric charge. The adiabatic spin-transfer torque and spin emf turn out to be a gyroscopic force; their nonadiabatic counterparts are a dissipative force.