Equivalence regimes for geometric quantum discord and local quantum uncertainty

Oscar Cordero, Arturo Villegas, Juan-Rafael Alvarez, Roberto de J. León-Montiel, M. H. M. Passos, Juan P. Torres

Published 2021-07-29Version 1

The concept of quantum discord aims at unveiling quantum correlations that go beyond those described by entanglement. Its original formulation [J. Phys. A {\bf 34}, 6899 (2001); Phys. Rev. Lett {\bf 88}, 017901 (2002)] is difficult to compute even for the simplest case of two-qubits systems. Alternative formulations have been developed to address this drawback, such as the geometric measure of quantum discord [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 87}, 062303 (2013)] and the local quantum uncertainty [Phys. Rev. Lett {\bf 110}, 240402 (2013)] that can be evaluated in closed form for some quantum systems, such as two-qubit systems. We show here that these two measures of quantum discord are equivalent for $2 \times D$ dimensional bipartite quantum systems. By considering the relevant example of N00N states for phase estimation in lossy environments, we also show that both metrics of quantum discord quantify the decrease of quantum Fisher information of the phase estimation protocol. Given their ease of computation in $2 \times D$ bipartite systems, the geometric measure of quantum discord and the local quantum uncertainty demonstrate their relevance as computable measures of quantum discord.