Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaron-polaritons

Aleksi Julku, Miguel. A. Bastarrachea-Magnani, Arturo Camacho-Guardian, Georg M. Bruun

Published 2021-03-30Version 1

Exciton polaritons in two-dimensional semiconductors inside microcavities are powerful platforms to explore hybrid light-matter quantum systems. Here, we study the Bose-Einstein condensation of polaron-polaritons, which are quasiparticles formed by the dressing of exciton polaritons by particle-hole excitations in a surrounding electron gas. Using a non-perturbative many-body theory to describe exciton-electron correlations combined with a non-equilibrium theory for the condensate, we show that the electrons strongly affect the condensate. This stems from the dependence of the polaron-polariton energy and the interaction between them on the electron density, which leads to highly nonlinear effects. We identify stable and unstable regimes of the condensate by calculating its excitation spectrum, and show that they result in prominent hysteresis effects when the electron density is varied. Our results should be readily observable using present experimental technology.