Compelling Bounds on Equilibration Times -- the Issue with Fermi's Golden Rule

Robin Heveling, Lars Knipschild, Jochen Gemmer

Published 2019-10-29Version 1

Putting a general, physically relevant upper bound on equilibration times in closed quantum systems is a recently much pursued endeavor. In PRX, 7, 031027 (2017) Garc\'{\i}a-Pintos et al. suggest such a bound. We point out that the general assumptions which allow for an actual estimation of this bound are violated in cases in which Fermi's Golden Rule and related open quantum system theories apply. To probe the range of applicability of Fermi's Golden Rule for systems of the type addressed in the above work, we numerically solve the corresponding Schr\"odinger equation for some finite spin systems comprising up to 25 spins. These calculations shed light on the breakdown of standard quantum master equations in the "superweak" coupling limit, which occurs for finite sized baths.