Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem and Detailed-Balance in Langevin Systems

Hyun Keun Lee, Sourabh Lahiri, Hyunggyu Park

Published 2016-01-28Version 1

We report that the well-known equivalence between the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, the detailed-balance, and the absence of heat dissipation in a steady state does not hold, in general. It is shown that the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the detailed-balance become mutually exclusive as soon as a velocity-dependent force is involved. A different relation among the three conditions is proposed, which is illustrated with a few example systems. It turns out that any of the three conditions, alone, cannot be an identifier of equilibrium, in general.