Experimental evidence of non-Gaussian fluctuations near a critical point

Sylvain Joubaud, Artem Petrosyan, Sergio Ciliberto, Nicolas Garnier

Published 2008-02-13, updated 2008-04-09Version 2

The orientation fluctuations of the director of a liquid crystal are measured, by a sensitive polarization interferometer, close to the Fr\'eedericksz transition, which is a second order transition driven by an electric field. We show that near the critical value of the field the spatially averaged order parameter has a generalized Gumbel distribution instead of a Gaussian one. The latter is recovered away from the critical point. The relevance of slow modes is pointed out. The parameter of generalized Gumbel is related to the effective number of degrees of freedom.