{
  "id": "2401.04924",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2024-01-10T04:22:57.000Z",
  "updated": "2024-01-10T04:22:57.000Z",
  "title": "Cosmic evolution of radio-excess AGNs in quiescent and star-forming galaxies across $0 < z < 4$",
  "authors": [
    "Yijun Wang",
    "Tao Wang",
    "Daizhong Liu",
    "Mark T. Sargent",
    "Fangyou Gao",
    "David M. Alexander",
    "Wiphu Rujopakarn",
    "Luwenjia Zhou",
    "Emanuele Daddi",
    "Ke Xu",
    "Kotaro Kohno",
    "Shuowen Jin"
  ],
  "comment": "Resubmitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) after considering the referee's comments, 26 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables",
  "categories": [
    "astro-ph.GA"
  ],
  "abstract": "Recent deep and wide radio surveys extend the studies for radio-excess active galactic nuclei (radio-AGNs) to lower luminosities and higher redshifts, providing new insights into the abundance and physical origin of radio-AGNs. Here we focus on the cosmic evolution, physical properties and AGN-host galaxy connections of radio-AGNs selected from a sample of ~ 500,000 galaxies at 0 < z < 4 in GOODS-N, GOODS-S, and COSMOS fields. Combining deep radio data with multi-band, de-blended far-infrared (FIR) and sub-millimeter data, we identify 1162 radio-AGNs through radio excess relative to the FIR-radio relation. We study the cosmic evolution of 1.4 GHz radio luminosity functions (RLFs) for star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and radio-AGNs, which are well described by a pure luminosity evolution of $L_*\\propto (1+z)^{-0.31z+3.41}$ and a pure density evolution of $\\Phi_*\\propto (1+z)^{-0.80z+2.88}$, respectively. We derive the turnover luminosity above which the number density of radio-AGNs surpasses that of SFGs. This crossover luminosity increases as increasing redshift, from $10^{22.9}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ at z ~ 0 to $10^{25.2}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ at z ~ 4. At full redshift range (0 < z < 4), we further derive the probability ($p_{radio}$) of SFGs and quiescent galaxies (QGs) hosting a radio-AGN as a function of stellar mass ($M_*$), radio luminosity ($L_R$), and redshift (z), which yields $p_{radio}\\propto (1+z)^{3.54}M_*^{1.02}L_R^{-0.90}$ for SFGs, and $p_{radio}\\propto (1+z)^{2.38}M_*^{1.39}L_R^{-0.60}$ for QGs, respectively. It indicates that radio-AGNs in QGs prefer to reside in more massive galaxies with larger $L_R$ than those in SFGs, and radio-AGN fraction increases towards higher redshift in both SFGs and QGs with a more rapid increase in SFGs. Further, we find that the radio-AGN fraction depends on accretion states of BHs and redshift in SFGs, while in QGs it also depends on BH (or galaxy) mass.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2024-01-10T04:22:57.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "cosmic evolution",
      "star-forming galaxies",
      "radio-excess agns",
      "higher redshift",
      "radio-agn fraction"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 26,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}