{
  "id": "1809.09089",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2018-09-24T17:58:33.000Z",
  "updated": "2018-09-24T17:58:33.000Z",
  "title": "Cooper pairs or Individual electrons? Based on the quantization of magnetic flux and the scaling law of Tc of superconducting thin films",
  "authors": [
    "Xiang Wu"
  ],
  "comment": "13 pages, no figure",
  "categories": [
    "cond-mat.supr-con"
  ],
  "abstract": "We look back on the turning point of the concept of individual electron carrier and paired electrons carrier in superconductivity history, look back on the magnetic flux quantization interpretation and experiment, reference the new discovery of new phenomena including the hc/e magnetic flux periodicity and the scaling law of transition temperature of superconducting thin films. The conclusion is: In a circuit including only one electron, the magnetic flux period is hc/e in general, but hc/(2e) in the first step from zero. Early experiments had not observed hc/e periodicity because multiple electrons do the first step from zero. According to the new experimental explanation, the theory of individual electron carrier is proposed. It integrates with the energy band theory and the Hubbard model. In the frame of energy band theory and electron correlation, we do not add Cooper pair for the carrier, we can use the energy band theory to explain the phenomenon of superconductivity. It needs the Hubbard model when a superconductor is a Mott insulator. The whole image including superinsulator, insulator, semiconductor, conductor, and superconductor is continuously and smoothly. It can smooth continuous transition to fractional quantum Holzer effect.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2018-09-24T17:58:33.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "superconducting thin films",
      "cooper pair",
      "scaling law",
      "energy band theory",
      "individual electron carrier"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 13,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}