{
  "id": "1707.03111",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2017-07-11T02:46:24.000Z",
  "updated": "2017-07-11T02:46:24.000Z",
  "title": "Gravitational waves from bubble dynamics: Beyond the Envelope",
  "authors": [
    "Ryusuke Jinno",
    "Masahiro Takimoto"
  ],
  "comment": "90 pages, 39 figures, some figures from arXiv:1605.01403",
  "categories": [
    "hep-ph",
    "astro-ph.CO",
    "gr-qc",
    "hep-th"
  ],
  "abstract": "We study gravitational-wave production from bubble dynamics (bubble collisions and sound waves) during a cosmic first-order phase transition with an analytic approach. We model the system with the thin-wall approximation but without the envelope approximation often adopted in the literature. We first write down analytic expressions for the gravitational-wave spectrum, and then evaluate them with numerical methods. It is found that, in the long-lasting limit of the collided walls, the spectrum grows from $\\propto f^3$ to $\\propto f^1$ for low frequencies, showing a significant enhancement compared to the one with the envelope approximation. It is also found that the spectrum saturates in the same limit, indicating a decrease in the correlation of the energy-momentum tensor at late times. The bubble walls in our setup are considered as modeling the scalar field configuration and/or the bulk motion of the fluid, and therefore our results have implications to gravitational-wave production from both bubble collisions (scalar dynamics) and sound waves (fluid dynamics).",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2017-07-11T02:46:24.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "bubble dynamics",
      "gravitational waves",
      "sound waves",
      "cosmic first-order phase transition",
      "envelope approximation"
    ],
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "TeX",
      "pages": 90,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable"
    }
  }
}