{
  "id": "1409.7405",
  "version": "v1",
  "published": "2014-09-25T20:04:04.000Z",
  "updated": "2014-09-25T20:04:04.000Z",
  "title": "Black Hole Formation and Classicalization in Ultra-Planckian 2 -> N Scattering",
  "authors": [
    "G. Dvali",
    "C. Gomez",
    "R. S. Isermann",
    "D. Lust",
    "S. Stieberger"
  ],
  "comment": "55 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX",
  "categories": [
    "hep-th",
    "gr-qc"
  ],
  "abstract": "We establish a connection between the ultra-Planckian scattering amplitudes in field and string theory and unitarization by black hole formation in these scattering processes. Using as a guideline an explicit microscopic theory in which the black hole represents a bound-state of many soft gravitons at the quantum critical point, we were able to identify and compute a set of perturbative amplitudes relevant for black hole formation. These are the tree-level N-graviton scattering S-matrix elements in a kinematical regime (called classicalization limit) where the two incoming ultra-Planckian gravitons produce a large number N of soft gravitons. We compute these amplitudes by using the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations, as well as scattering equations and string theory techniques. We discover that this limit reveals the key features of the microscopic corpuscular black hole N-portrait. In particular, the perturbative suppression factor of a N-graviton final state, derived from the amplitude, matches the non-perturbative black hole entropy when N reaches the quantum criticality value, whereas final states with different value of N are either suppressed or excluded by non-perturbative corpuscular physics. Thus we identify the microscopic reason behind the black hole dominance over other final states including non-black hole classical object. In the parameterization of the classicalization limit the scattering equations can be solved exactly allowing us to obtain closed expressions for the high-energy limit of the open and closed superstring tree-level scattering amplitudes for a generic number N of external legs. We demonstrate matching and complementarity between the string theory and field theory in different large-s and large-N regimes.",
  "revisions": [
    {
      "version": "v1",
      "updated": "2014-09-25T20:04:04.000Z"
    }
  ],
  "analyses": {
    "keywords": [
      "black hole formation",
      "n-graviton scattering s-matrix elements",
      "superstring tree-level scattering amplitudes",
      "final state",
      "ultra-planckian"
    ],
    "tags": [
      "journal article"
    ],
    "publication": {
      "doi": "10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.02.004",
      "journal": "Nuclear Physics B",
      "year": 2015,
      "month": "Apr",
      "volume": 893,
      "pages": 187
    },
    "note": {
      "typesetting": "LaTeX",
      "pages": 55,
      "language": "en",
      "license": "arXiv",
      "status": "editable",
      "inspire": 1319170,
      "adsabs": "2015NuPhB.893..187D"
    }
  }
}